Which process refers to the reabsorption of water into an aquifer?

Groundwater recharge refers to the process where water moves from the surface down into the aquifer, replenishing the groundwater supply. This occurs naturally through precipitation that infiltrates the soil and percolates down to the aquifer, or it can be facilitated by human activities such as the construction of recharge basins.

Understanding groundwater recharge is essential as it helps maintain water levels in aquifers, supporting ecosystems and providing a sustainable supply of water for human use. This process is particularly important in conserving water resources, especially in areas prone to drought or water scarcity.

In contrast, water diversion involves redirecting water from one location to another, primarily for agricultural or urban uses, but it does not contribute to replenishing aquifers. Groundwater pumping refers to the extraction of water from aquifers, which can lead to depletion if not balanced with recharge rates. Surface runoff involves the flow of excess water over the ground surface, which typically does not contribute directly to aquifer replenishment.