Which method involves moving water in and out of the well by operating a pump intermittently?

The method that involves moving water in and out of the well by operating a pump intermittently is known as mechanical surging. This process creates pressure fluctuations within the well, which can help to dislodge sediment and other obstructions from the well screen or surrounding formation.

Mechanical surging is typically performed as part of well rehabilitation efforts. By cycling the pump on and off, it generates pressure surges that can effectively clean the well screen, improve water flow, and enhance the well's overall efficiency. These actions can help remove fine particles that may have collected over time and obstructed the flow of groundwater into the well.

The other methods listed — like backwashing and jetting — entail different techniques and objectives that do not specifically involve the intermittent operation of a pump to enhance well performance through water movement. Understanding the distinction between these methods is crucial for effective groundwater management.